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ACLS Practice Questions ACLS PALS BLS

Atropine: has been shown to be of no value when given to patients in asystolic cardiac arrest (compared with patients with long pauses) may increase the rate of sinus node discharge may increase A-V node conduction all of the above
Show Answer

The best answer is: all of the above

Retrospective analysis of true asystolic cardiac arrest reports a virtually null survival rate. Atropine works by altering vagal tone, which may speed up the sinus node and accelerate conduction through the AV node. When treating a defective conduction system, atropine may be quite useful. However, a “dead heart with no electrical activity” suggests atropine wiil be useless. When history makes the etiology of the ECG uncertain, atropine will cause no harm.
This patient would likely have an increase in pulse rate in response to atropine therapy.

true false
Show Answer

The best answer is: false

Although based on the history, no resuscitative therapy would be indicated, atropine would not accelerate an idio-ventricular escape pacemaker. Atropine's parasympatholytic effects speed sinus node discharge rate and may enhance AV node conduction which would not accelerate this patient's pulse.
IV access should always be established above the diaphragm in the pregnant patient receiving CPR. true false
Show Answer

The best answer is: true

Because of the effect of the uterus on venous return coupled with the minimal cardiac output seen with CPR, IV access should be established above the diaphragm. (i.e. antecubital fossa, internal jugular, subclavian, etc.)

The 12-lead ECG is crucial for proper triage of patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes.

true false
Show Answer

The best answer is: true

The most recent Guidelines repeatedly call for early 12-lead ECG analysis for treating patients with acute coronary syndrome symptoms, emphasizing the use of pre-hospital 12-lead ECG by EMS personnel.
Sinus bradycardia may be caused by:

hypoxemia increased vagal tone cardiac ischemia all of the above
Show Answer

The best answer is: all of the above

Decreased sinus node discharge rates can be caused of severe hypoxemia; increased parasympathetic tone (vagal); as well as cardiac ischemia. It is important to accelerate the heart rate if the bradycardia causes instability and identify the cause.

Pediatric patients who develop “unstable” supraventricular or ventricular tachycardia should receive immediately electrical cardioversion.

true false
Show Answer

The best answer is: true

When an arrhythmia reduces cardiac output, and signs of shock and deterioration can be seen, electrical cardioversion should be undertaken immediately. Left untreated, a patient with an unstable tachycardia could end up in cardiac arrest.
If IV access is unsuccessful, what is the recommended dose of epinephrine via the ET tube?

0.1 ml/kg of the 1:1,000 solution 0.01 ml/kg of the 1:10,000 solution 1.0 mg/kg of the 1:10,000 (none of the above)
Show Answer

The best answer is: 0.1 ml/kg of the 1:1,000 solution

Current recommendations specify the use of 1:1,000 epinephrine, diluted 1:1 with sterile water for instillation down the endotracheal tube when IV access is not possible.
The initial (1st shock) energy level which should be administered for pediatric defibrillation, should be:

1.0 joule/kg 2.0 joules/kg 3.0 joules/kg 4.0 joules/kg
Show Answer

The best answer is: 2.0 joules/kg

The initial energy recommendation for the first shock when treating pediatric patients is 2.0 joules/kg.

“Respiratory distress” is defined as:

cyanosis increased work of breathing apnea all of the above
Show Answer

The best answer is: increased work of breathing

The presence of cyanosis or apnea constitutes respiratory failure. The definition of respiratory distress is: an increased work of breathing.
Cyanosis is most often considered a late sign in pediatric patients.

true false
Show Answer

The best answer is: true

Children who desaturate enough hemoglobin to produce cyanosis are at high risk for cardiopulmonary arrest. Cyanosis should be treated immediately to prevent organ damage and/or arrest.

Compressions should depress the chest of the infant and child by

Three-quarters of the depth of the chest One-quarter of the depth of the chest One-third to one-half the depth of the chest It doesn’t matter how far the chest is compressed
Show Answer

The best answer is: One-third to one-half the depth of the chest

One-third to one-half the depth of the chest
When there are two rescuers on the scene of an unresponsive infant or child, which compression-ventilation ratio should be used?

30:1 30:2 15:1 15:2
Show Answer

The best answer is: 15:2

15:2
The American Heart Association recommends against using AEDs on infants.

Unless they weigh over 50 kg. because they never have ventricular fibrillation AHA does not have a recommendation for or against the use of AEDs for infants (under 1 year of age) None of the above
Show Answer

The best answer is: AHA does not have a recommendation for or against the use of AEDs for infants (under 1 year of age)

AHA does not have a recommendation for or against the use of AEDs for infants (under 1 year of age)

Would you use a pediatric-specific AED system for a 14-year-old?

Yes No
Show Answer

The best answer is: No

No
Sudden collapse in the adult is more likely a result of an arrhythmia that may require a defibrillator.

True False
Show Answer

The best answer is: True

True

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